Science

Risk assessment is a science-based process comprising four steps:

• hazard identification;
• hazard characterization;
• exposure assessment;
• and risk characterization.

Luxembourg does not have a scientific institution for risk assessment in the food chain. Yet, risk assessment has become an important component in the scientific analysis of food chain risks.

EFSA publishes independent scientific opinions and other scientific outputs such as statements, guidance etc., as well as supporting publications (e.g. technical reports) on all matters related to the safety of food for human and animal consumption. The food authorities in Luxembourg rely mostly on EFSA’s publications for risk assessment.

Risk management is a process, separate from risk assessment, that involves weighing different policy options, consulting with interested parties, taking into account the risk assessment and other legitimate factors, and, where necessary, selecting appropriate prevention and control measures. 

At the EU level, risk management is conducted by the European Commission, in collaboration with Member States’ authorities, and is informed by the scientific assessments provided by EFSA. While EFSA offers independent, evidence-based advice, policy decisions — such as implementing safety measures, setting maximum residue levels or issuing import restrictions — are ultimately taken by the Commission and national governments, based on risk assessment and broader societal, economic or environmental considerations.

In Luxembourg, the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Viticulture is responsible for risk management relating to food and feed safety. Within the Ministry, the Luxembourg Veterinary and Food Administration (ALVA) performs official controls, implements prevention and control measures and manages rapid alert systems.

Risk Communication is the interactive exchange, throughout the risk analysis process, of information and opinions on hazards and risks, risk-related factors and risk perceptions, among risk assessors and risk managers, consumers, food and feed business operators, academia, and other interested parties. It includes explaining the results of risk assessment and the basis for risk management decisions.

EFSA’s Communications Experts Network brings together communication experts from all EU Member States, working together to share best practices on communicating risks in the food chain and to ensure consistent, transparent, and science-based communication across the EU. Luxembourg is represented by the Luxembourg Veterinary and Food Administration (ALVA).